|
|
|
Background:
|
The Trucial States
of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense
and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these
states - Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and
Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita
GDP is not far below those of leading West European nations. Its
generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance
have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the
region. |
|
Location:
|
Middle East, bordering
the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
|
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
24 00 N, 54 00 E |
|
Map references:
|
Middle East |
|
Area:
|
total: 82,880
sq km
land: 82,880 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
|
Area - comparative:
|
slightly smaller than
Maine |
|
Land boundaries:
|
total: 867
km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km |
|
Coastline:
|
1,318 km |
|
Maritime claims:
|
contiguous zone:
24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental
margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM |
|
Climate:
|
desert; cooler in
eastern mountains |
|
Terrain:
|
flat, barren coastal
plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland;
mountains in east |
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m |
|
Natural resources:
|
petroleum, natural
gas |
|
Land use:
|
arable land:
0.48%
permanent crops: 0.49%
other: 99.03% (1998 est.) |
|
Irrigated land:
|
720 sq km (1998 est.)
|
|
Natural hazards:
|
frequent sand and
dust storms |
|
Environment - current issues:
|
lack of natural freshwater
resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach
pollution from oil spills |
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
|
Geography - note:
|
strategic location
along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point
for world crude oil
|
|
Population:
|
2,445,989
note: includes 1,576,472 non-nationals (July 2002 est.) |
|
Age structure:
|
0-14 years:
27.7% (male 345,077; female 331,545)
15-64 years: 69.7% (male 1,069,443; female 635,275)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 45,989; female 18,660) (2002
est.) |
|
Population growth rate:
|
1.58% (2002 est.)
|
|
Birth rate:
|
18.3 births/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
|
Death rate:
|
3.9 deaths/1,000 population
(2002 est.) |
|
Net migration rate:
|
1.41 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
|
Sex ratio:
|
at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.68 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 2.46 male(s)/female
total population: 1.48 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
16.12 deaths/1,000
live births (2002 est.) |
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total population:
74.52 years
female: 77.1 years (2002 est.)
male: 72.06 years |
|
Total fertility rate:
|
3.16 children born/woman
(2002 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
0.18% (1999 est.)
|
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
NA |
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
NA |
|
Nationality:
|
noun: Emirati(s)
adjective: Emirati |
|
Ethnic groups:
|
Emirati 19%, other
Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes
Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)
note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982) |
|
Religions:
|
Muslim 96% (Shi'a
16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4% |
|
Languages:
|
Arabic (official),
Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu |
|
Literacy:
|
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79.2%
male: 78.9%
female: 79.8% (1995 est.)
|
|
Country name:
|
conventional long
form: United Arab Emirates
conventional short form: none
local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
abbreviation: UAE
former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States
local short form: none |
|
Government type:
|
federation with specified
powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers
reserved to member emirates |
|
Capital:
|
Abu Dhabi |
|
Administrative divisions:
|
7 emirates (imarat,
singular - imarah); Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash
Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
|
|
Independence:
|
2 December 1971 (from
UK) |
|
National holiday:
|
Independence Day,
2 December (1971) |
|
Constitution:
|
2 December 1971 (made
permanent in 1996) |
|
Legal system:
|
federal court system
introduced in 1971; all emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's
al Khaymah are not fully integrated into the federal system; all
emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high
courts |
|
Suffrage:
|
none |
|
Executive branch:
|
chief of state:
President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (since 2 December 1971),
ruler of Abu Dhabi (since 6 August 1966) and Vice President
MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy
(Dubai)
note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed
of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional
authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions
federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Dhabi and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power
head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum
(since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister
SULTAN bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC
(a group of seven electors) for five-year terms; election last held
2 December 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister and deputy
prime minister appointed by the president
election results: ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan reelected
president; percent of FSC vote - NA%, but believed to be unanimous;
MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum elected vice president; percent of FSC
vote - NA%, but believed to be unanimous |
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral Federal
National Council or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members
appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year
terms)
elections: none
note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto |
|
Judicial branch:
|
Union Supreme Court
(judges are appointed by the president) |
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
none |
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
NA |
|
International organization participation:
|
ABEDA, AFESD, AL,
AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,
ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief of mission:
Ambassador Asri Said Ahmad al-DHAHIRI
FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432
telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400
chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20037
|
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
chief of mission:
Ambassador Marcelle M. WAHBA
embassy: Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi
mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi
telephone: [971] (2) 4436691
FAX: [971] (2) 4435441
consulate(s) general: Dubai |
|
Flag description:
|
three equal horizontal
bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red
band on the hoist side
|
|
Economy - overview:
|
The UAE has an open
economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade
surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 33% of
GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices
of those commodities. Since 1973, the UAE has undergone a profound
transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities
to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels
of production, oil and gas reserves should last for more than 100
years. The government has increased spending on job creation and
infrastructure expansion and is opening up its utilities to greater
private sector involvement. |
|
GDP:
|
purchasing power parity
- $51 billion (2001 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
5.6% (2001 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita:
|
purchasing power parity
- $21,100 (2001 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture:
3%
industry: 46%
services: 51% (2000 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line:
|
NA% |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
|
lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
4.5% (2000 est.) |
|
Labor force:
|
1.6 million
note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 2002 est.) (2000 est.) |
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
services 78%, industry
15%, agriculture 7% (2000 est.) |
|
Unemployment rate:
|
NA% |
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $20
billion
expenditures: $22 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (2000 est.) |
|
Industries:
|
petroleum, fishing,
petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts,
pearling |
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
4% (2000) |
|
Electricity - production:
|
38.7 billion kWh (2000)
|
|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil fuel:
100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2000)
nuclear: 0% |
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
35.991 billion kWh
(2000) |
|
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2000) |
|
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2000) |
|
Agriculture - products:
|
dates, vegetables,
watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish |
|
Exports:
|
$47.6 billion f.o.b.
(2000 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities:
|
crude oil 45%, natural
gas, reexports, dried fish, dates |
|
Exports - partners:
|
Japan 30%, India 7%,
Singapore 6%, South Korea 4%, Oman, Iran (1999) |
|
Imports:
|
$28.6 billion f.o.b.
(2000 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery and transport
equipment, chemicals, food |
|
Imports - partners:
|
Japan 9%, UK 8%, US
8%, Italy 6%, Germany, South Korea (1999) |
|
Debt - external:
|
$12.6 billion (2001
est.) |
|
Economic aid - donor:
|
$NA |
|
Currency:
|
Emirati dirham (AED)
|
|
Currency code:
|
AED |
|
Exchange rates:
|
Emirati dirhams per
US dollar - central bank mid-point rate: 3.6725 (since 1997), 3.6710
(1995-96) |
|
Fiscal year:
|
calendar year
|
|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|
915,223 (1998) |
|
Telephones - mobile cellular:
|
1 million (1999) |
|
Telephone system:
|
general assessment:
modern system of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable; key centers
are Abu Dhabi and Dubai
domestic: microwave radio relay and coaxial cable
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar,
Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave
radio relay to Saudi Arabia |
|
Radio broadcast stations:
|
AM 13, FM 7, shortwave
2 (1998) |
|
Radios:
|
820,000 (1997) |
|
Television broadcast stations:
|
15 (1997) |
|
Televisions:
|
310,000 (1997) |
|
Internet country code:
|
.ae |
|
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
|
1 (2000) |
|
Internet users:
|
900,000 (2002)
|
|
Railways:
|
0 km |
|
Highways:
|
total: 4,835
km
paved: 4,835 km
unpaved: 0 km (1998 est.) |
|
Waterways:
|
none |
|
Pipelines:
|
crude oil 830 km;
natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km |
|
Ports and harbors:
|
'Ajman, Al Fujayrah,
Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina'
Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al Qaywayn |
|
Merchant marine:
|
total: 56 ships
(1,000 GRT or over) totaling 833,401 GRT/1,251,015 DWT
ships by type: cargo 13, chemical tanker 3, container 7,
liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 25, roll
on/roll off 6
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as
a flag of convenience: Greece 2, Italy 1, Kuwait 2 (2002 est.) |
|
Airports:
|
38 (2001) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 19 22
over 3,047 m: 8 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 3
914 to 1,523 m: 2 3
under 914 m: 4 4 (2002)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 4 |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total: 19 19
under 914 m: 5 5 (2002)
over 3,047 m: 1 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 3 |
|
Heliports:
|
2 (2002)
|
|
Military branches:
|
Army, Navy (including
Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force, Air Defense, paramilitary forces
(includes Federal Police Force) |
|
Military manpower - military age:
|
18 years of age (2002
est.) |
|
Military manpower - availability:
|
males age 15-49:
773,938
note: includes non-nationals (2002 est.) |
|
Military manpower - fit for military service:
|
males age 15-49:
419,851 (2002 est.) |
|
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
|
males: 25,482
(2002 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
|
$1.6 billion (FY00)
|
|
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
|
3.1% (FY00)
|
| |
