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Background:
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Ruled by the Al Thani
family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor
British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent
state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the
late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a
continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had
ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the
current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in
1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with
both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable
Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial
countries of Western Europe. |
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Location:
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Middle East, peninsula
bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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25 30 N, 51 15 E |
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Map references:
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Middle East |
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Area:
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total: 11,437
sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 11,437 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than
Connecticut |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 60 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km |
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Coastline:
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563 km |
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Maritime claims:
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contiguous zone:
24 NM
exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements
or the median line
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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arid; mild, pleasant
winters; very hot, humid summers |
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Terrain:
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mostly flat and barren
desert covered with loose sand and gravel |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural
gas, fish |
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Land use:
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arable land:
1.27%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.46% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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130 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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haze, dust storms,
sandstorms common |
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Environment - current issues:
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limited natural fresh
water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination
facilities |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
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Geography - note:
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strategic location
in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
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Population:
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793,341 (July 2002
est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years:
25.2% (male 102,110; female 98,053)
15-64 years: 72.1% (male 403,508; female 168,428)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 15,299; female 5,943) (2002
est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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3.02% (2002 est.)
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Birth rate:
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15.78 births/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
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Death rate:
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4.34 deaths/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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18.75 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.4 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 2.57 male(s)/female
total population: 1.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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20.73 deaths/1,000
live births (2002 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
72.88 years
female: 75.48 years (2002 est.)
male: 70.4 years |
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Total fertility rate:
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3.1 children born/woman
(2002 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.09% (1999 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari |
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Ethnic groups:
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Arab 40%, Pakistani
18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% |
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Religions:
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Muslim 95% |
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Languages:
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Arabic (official),
English commonly used as a second language |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79%
male: 79%
female: 80% (1995 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long
form: State of Qatar
conventional short form: Qatar
local short form: Qatar
note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls
between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
local long form: Dawlat Qatar |
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Government type:
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traditional monarchy
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Capital:
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Doha |
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Administrative divisions:
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9 municipalities (baladiyat,
singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah,
Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash
Shamal, Umm Salal |
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Independence:
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3 September 1971 (from
UK) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day,
3 September (1971) |
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Constitution:
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provisional constitution
enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming
a committee to draft a permanent constitution |
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Legal system:
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discretionary system
of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented;
Islamic law dominates family and personal matters |
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Suffrage:
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suffrage is limited
to municipal elections |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown
prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in
a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al
Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch
22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of
minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces
head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al
Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime
Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since
20 January 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
note: in March 1999, Qatar held nationwide elections for
a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers
aimed at improving the provision of municipal services |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Advisory
Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)
note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this
consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when
there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had
their terms extended every four years since |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Appeal |
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Political parties and leaders:
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none |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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none |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA, AFESD, AL,
AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB,
IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA
telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600
consulate(s) general: Houston
FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061
chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Maureen E. QUINN
embassy: Al-Luqtas District, 22 February Road, Doha
mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha
telephone: [974] 488 4101
FAX: [974] 488 4298 |
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Flag description:
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maroon with a broad
white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
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Economy - overview:
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Oil accounts for more
than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 58% of government
revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure
continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar
a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European
industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed
7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third
largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming
increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development
of offshore natural gas reserves. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest
ever trade surplus of $7 billion, due mainly to high oil prices
and increased natural gas exports, and managed to maintain the surplus
in 2001. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity
- $16.3 billion (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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5.6% (2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity
- $21,200 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
1%
industry: 49%
services: 50% (1996 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
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lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2% (2001) |
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Labor force:
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280,122 (1997 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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2.7% (2001) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $5
billion
expenditures: $4.8 billion, including capital expenditures
of $900 million (FY01/02 est. ) |
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Industries:
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crude oil production
and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars,
cement |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - production:
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9.2 billion kWh (2000)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel:
100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2000)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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8.556 billion kWh
(2000) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2000) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2000) |
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Agriculture - products:
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fruits, vegetables;
poultry, dairy products, beef; fish |
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Exports:
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$11 billion f.o.b.
(2001 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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petroleum products
80%, fertilizers, steel |
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 43%, Singapore
8%, South Korea 6%, US 4%, UAE 2% (1999) |
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Imports:
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$3.5 billion f.o.b.
(2001 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport
equipment, food, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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UK 10%, Japan 8%,
Germany 6%, Italy 6%, US 6% (1998) |
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Debt - external:
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$13.1 billion (2000
est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency:
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Qatari rial (QAR)
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Currency code:
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QAR |
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Exchange rates:
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Qatari rials per US
dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 April - 31 March
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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142,000 (1997) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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43,476 (1997) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment:
modern system centered in Doha
domestic: NA
international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave
radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain
and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 6, FM 5, shortwave
1 (1998) |
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Radios:
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256,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (plus three repeaters)
(2001) |
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Televisions:
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230,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.qa |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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75,000 (2001)
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Railways:
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0 km |
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Highways:
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total: 1,230
km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1996) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 235 km;
natural gas 400 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Doha, Halul Island,
Umm Sa'id (Musay'id) |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 25 ships
(1,000 GRT or over) totaling 679,081 GRT/1,051,088 DWT
ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container
7, petroleum tanker 6
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as
a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1, United Arab Emirates 3 (2002 est.)
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Airports:
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4 (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 2
over 3,047 m: 2 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2002)
914 to 1,523 m: 1 |
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Heliports:
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1 (2002)
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Military branches:
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Army, Navy, Air Force
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age (2002
est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49:
316,885
note: includes non-nationals (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49:
166,214 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 6,797
(2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$723 million (FY00/01)
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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10% (FY00/01)
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